Kids Learning Social Science V Term-I

5th Standard Social Science Term-I

Good Citizen

  Learning Objectives  

Students can :

✯ know the differences between animals and human beings.

✯ understand the Good Values.

✯ know about the factors that enrich Good Values.

Man is a social animal

Human beings are bestowed with senses.  Human beings think and act using their senses.  They are born free but bound in the social web.  They cannot live alone.  The need social and emotional support.  To live in the society they need to develop some good values.

We are born with few values and rights.  These values are further polished in educational institutions.  The aim of education is to change a person into a valuable human being.

Good Values

Good values are the qualities of a person that keep the society running.  These qualities can be developed by all.  The term civic relates to people or civilian or citizen of a country.  People should live together in unity.  Despite all the disparities, living together in harmony is a significant value.  Helping others is also an important value.

There should be no disparity among people and all are one.  Today`s children are tomorrow's citizens of the nation.  Moral and good values have to be inculcated in children.  So that they may become valuable citizens.

Let us KNOW

World survives on morality.  Selfishness is immoral and Selflessness is moral.

                                                                        - Swami Vivekananda

Personal Values

Personal value is the basic value for an individual.  Some personal values are love, mercy, generosity, honesty, truth, friendship, hospitality, peace, tolerance, faith and so on.

Cultural Values

Becoming well mannered and cultured is an essence of the society.  Irrespective of language and religion people live together in harmony.  This help to maintain cultural values.  We are all humans.  We must live together as brothers and sisters.

Social Values

How should you behave in public places?

We should maintain the following good values in public places.

🌑 Maintain good relation with people

🌑 Respect elders

🌑 Protect nature

🌑 Be tolerant

🌑 Maintain friendship

Disciplinary Values

Disciplinary values are punctuality, involvement, treating every one as equal, doing work ontime, holding morals, discharging duties without fail and so on.

A Citizen is a person who is a member of a particular country and enjoys various rights and executes his duties.  A sovereign state provides Right to live, Right to education, Right to vote, Right to work and reside anywhere in the country for its Citizen.

Constitutional values :

🌑 Safeguard public properties.

🌑 Maintain unity and integrity of the nation.

🌑 Develop scientific attitude.

🌑 Protect natural resources.

🌑 Care for the environment.

🌑 Honour national symbols.

🌑 Respect martyrs and their sacrifices.

🌑 Preserve our cultural values and heritage.

🌑 Develop patriotism.

Let us KNOW

🌑 Do not violate the rules.

🌑 Do not spit and dump garbage in public places.

🌑 Do not pollute land and water.

🌑 Do not burn the old objects in streets.

Good conduct and moral science are nothing but civic values.

Citizenship is the right to live in a best way as a civilian.  This includes a person's participation in Government activities too.

Factors that enrich Good Values are :

🌑 Literacy

🌑 Awareness and interests

🌑 Try hard till success

🌑 Evaluate oneself

🌑 Acceptance

🌑 Self confidence

Hygienic is the most significant part of the good values.  One must follow the routine below :

🌑 Wake up early in the morning.

🌑 Brush you teeth

🌑 Have a bath

🌑 Wear clean clothes

🌑 Wear slippers or shoes

🌑 Trim hair and cut the nails

🌑 Wash hands before and after meals.

Kids Learning Social Science V Term-I

5th Standard Social Science Term-I

Towards History

Stone Age

In the beginning humans were not aware of metals.  They took several years to discover metals.  Our lives today are their gifts.  During this period humans were not aware of scripts.  This Stone Age is the period in which stones were used as weapons.

Nature of Human Evolution

Early humans lived in jungles along with animals.  They used stone tools to protect themselves, drive away animals, dig out roots, shoots etc.  The most important thing is that they ate everything raw including flesh.  They did not know the use of fire in the beginning.  At first, dog was their good companion.  Wild animals ran away when dogs barked.  Dog was the first pet animal.  They took it wherever they went.

Later humans started rearing cattle and they were very useful to them.  They observed some grains  growing along the river side.  They ate and found them very tasty.  They observed that the scattered grains were eaten up by birds.  They found that the grains grow with the help of sunshine and rainfall.  Thus, they learnt the art of cultivation.

Humans noticed forest fire.  At first they were afraid of fire.  They found some animals died due to fire.  They ate the flesh of the burnt animals.  It tasted good.  They also observed that the spark came out by scratching two stones together.  Since then, they ate cooked food.

• Early man used Quartzite, a type of stone for making tools and weapons.

• A type of stone called Flint stone was used to produce fire.

Nomadic Life

Early humans did not know to grow crops.  They wandered in all the landscapes in search of food.  They ate whatever they got and drank water from natural sources.  This kind of life was called nomadic life.  They wore skins of animals, leaves and barks of trees to cover their body.  They lived in caves and holes of big trees.

Stones were sharpened as tools by them.  They made it with the help of other stones too.  These sharp tools were used to hunt animals and tear their flesh.

They used bones, horns, stones, skin, branches of trees and sticks as their tools and weapons.  This stage of development in history was called New stone age or Neolithic age.

Stone Age

• Early humans used weapons to protect themselves from animals.
• They used torches to find the path at night?
• They drew paintings of what they saw around them on the walls of the caves where they lived.

Stone Wheels

When the stones rolled from the mountains they acquired a round shape.  Humans observed them and thus wheel was invented.  In the beginning it was made of stone and later by wood.  Wheel is the first scientific invention of man.

Let us KNOW

The period which has written documents is called Historical period.  These documents help us to know about the life styles of the people, events, food habits, culture, art, architecture, literature and so on.

Pottery

Pottery was also one of the greatest inventions by humans.  The baked pot was strong and looked beautiful.  Stone age people made all the household articles by themselves.

Stone houses were built.  The roofs of these houses were thatched with sticks and husks.  After several inventions, humans started to live in a settled life.

Agriculture

Agriculture was an important activity in the history of humans.  They started cultivating crops.  They sowed seeds and harvested crops.  They found it convenient to live along the river as the crops grew well.

Let us KNOW

Museum is a place where archaeological objects which were used by our ancestors are preserved.  These give information about the lives of ancient people.  Therefore it is important to preserve the remains of the past.

Progress in man's life

There were burial pots called urns in which the dead bodies were placed and buried under the ground.

Chalcolithic Age

At the end of new stone age copper was invented.  In this age both stone and copper were used.  This period was called Chalcolithic age.  Bronze was produced when copper, zinc and tin were mixed together.  The period when people made tools from bronze was called Bronze age.

Iron Age

After this, humans discovered iron and started using iron tools and weapons.  This age was called Iron age.  In this age household articles and agricultural tools were made up of iron.

Archaeological Excavations

Coins, potsherds, metal objects and so on are dug out from Archaeological sites.  Such objects are preserved in the museum.  In Tamilnadu, Athichanallur, Arikkamedu and Keeladi are such sites where the objects used by the people of the past are excavated.  Still research is going on in these sites.

If you come across any old, traditional objects of historical value try to collect and preserve them.

Let us KNOW

Scripts inscribed about a king's rule, people or society on rocks and walls are called inscriptions.  Usually they are found on temple walls.

 

Kids Learning Social Science V Term-I

5th Standard Social Science Term-I

Our Earth

Imayan is waiting for his father after returning from school in the evening.  His father is an employee in a reputed bank.

Imayan :  Come Daddy! (Imayan ran and hugged his father)

 

Father :  Imaya..... Had your snacks?

Imayan :  Yes, I had! My social teacher is going to teach about Earth tomorrow.  Please tell me about the Earth.

Father :  Ok.  I will tell you.

Imayan :  How did the Earth form?

Father :  Approximately 4.54 billion years ago, Solar System was a cloud of dust and gas known as Solar Nebula.  Due to an explosion, these particles collapsed collapsed and began to spin having the sun at centre.  The bigger particles which revolve around the sun are called planets.  Thus, the planet Earth formed.

Imayan :  Will you explain about Universe, Daddy?

Father :  The Universe is a vast expansion of space.  The Universe consists of billions of galaxies, stars, planets, dwarf planets, comets, asteroids, meteoroids and satellites.  The exact size of the Universe is still unknown.  Scientists believe that the Universe is still expanding outward.

Imayan :  What is a Galaxy, Daddy?

Father :  A Galaxy is a huge cluster of stars.  Our galaxy Milky Way is one among the countless of galaxies in the Universe.

Imayan :  Ok Daddy.  What is Solar System?

Father :  Solar System consists of the sun, the eight planets, their moons, dwarf planets, asteroids and comets.  These objects re gravitationally bound.

Imayan :  Very interesting Dad.  Tell me about our Solar System.

Father :  There are 8 planets in our Solar System. They are :

1. Mercury            5. Jupiter

2. Venus               6. Saturn

3. Earth                7. Uranus

4. Mars                 8. Neptune

Imayan :  Dad..... Where is our Earth in the Solar System?

Father :  The Earth is the third planet from the sun and the fifth largest in Solar System.

Imayan :  It is said that the Earth is rotating itself and at the same time revolving around the sun.  It is true?

Father :  Yes, Earth has two movements.  They are :

1. Rotation

2. Revolution

Rotation

The movement of the Earth on its axis is called rotation of the Earth.  Day and night are caused due to the Earth's rotation.

Revolution

The movement of the Earth around the Sun on it's axis which is tilted about 231/2⁰ is called revolution of the Earth.  Seasons are caused by Earth's revolution.

Father :  Life is possible only on the Earth because of the presence of land, air and water.

Imayan :  Oh! I see.  What is the distance between the sun and the Earth?

Father :  The distance between the sun and the Earth is nearly 150 million kilometres.

Imayan :  Say some more interesting facts about planets Dad.....

Father :  Mercury and Venus lie near to the sun.  Next to Earth is Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.  The planets nearer to the sun are very hot.  The planets away from the sun are very cold.  Mercury is the smallest planet.  Jupiter is the largest planet.

Venus and Earth are called twin planets.  Mars is described as the Red planet Earth is called the Blue planet.  Saturn is the Ringed planet.

Imayan :  Wow! Amazing! Where do we live on the Earth?

Father :  We live on the surface of the Earth.  It is made up of 7 continents and 5 oceans.

Imayan :  7 continents! What are they?

Father :  Listen.  They are :

                Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe and Australia.

Imayan :  Which is the biggest continent?

Father :  The Asia continent, where we live is the biggest of all.  Australia is the smallest one.  Antarctica s a snow covered landmass.

Imayan :  What are the five oceans Daddy?

Father :  Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean and Arctic Ocean.  71% of the Earth is covered by water and 29% is covered by landmass.  About 96.5% of water is saline, 2.5% of water is fresh and 1% of water is easily accessible.

The average depth of the oceans is 3800m.  The deepest point on the Ocean is Mariana Trench which is located in the Pacific Ocean.

Imayan :  Thank you, Daddy.  Today I have learnt a lot about the Earth from you.  Now I am going to study and do my home work.

Father :  Ok, Imaya.  Go and study.

Kids Learning Science V Term-I

5th Standard Science Term-I

Science in Everyday Life

Science has helped us to find solution to many of our problems.  It has shaped our daily life also.  The world we are living in is not the same as before.  It is changing everyday, in fact every hour.  We see a lot of changes around us.  Some of them are reversible and some of them are irreversible.  Irreversible changes like burning of wastes pollute our home and school environment.  We need to know about waste management and proper disposable of wastes.  Let us study about them in this lesson.

Tamil Nadu has a long history of science since ancient times.  Scientific concepts can be seen in ancient Tamil Literatures.  Tamil Nadu has produced many scientists who have contributed to the world of science.  The following table gives the names of some of the scientists from Tamil Nadu and their contributions. 

Name of the Scientists	Department	Contribution
Dr. M.S. Swamination	Genetics	Green revolution
Srinivasa Ramanujam	Mathematics	Composite numbers
Venkataraman Radhakrishnan	Biology	Structure of ribosome
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam	Aeronautical Engineering	Missile development
Sir. C.V. Raman	Physics	Scattering of light

 

Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman was born at Trichirapalli, Tamil Nadu on 7th November, 1888.  In 1904, he completed his Bachelor of Arts (B.A) degree at Presidency College, Chennai.  He stood first and won gold medal in physics.  In 1907, he got his master degree from University of Madras.

Sir.C.V. Raman won the Nobel Prize in Physics in the year 1930 for his work on scattering of light.  In 1954, he was awarded the Bharat Ratna.

Blue appearance of the sky

One day in the summer of 1921, Sir.C.V. Raman was on the deck of a ship sailing in the mediterranean sea.  He was observing the blue color of the sky and started reasoning it.  He concluded that sunlight is scattered by the gases and particles present in the air.  The white light we see is composed of different colours such as violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red (VIBGYOR).  Among these colours, blue is scattered more.  Because of this reason, sky appears blue most of the time.  During sunrise and sunset, rays have to travel long distance.  As they travel, all other colours except red are scattered.  So, sky appears red at sunrise and sunset.

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was an aeronautical scientist.  He was born on 15th October, 193 in Rameshwaram, Tamil Nadu.  He got his Bachelor of Science (B.Sc) degree from St.Joseph's College, Trichirappalli in 1954.  In 1960, he got his degree in Aeronautical Engineering from Madras Institute of Technology. 

He was involved in India's missile development programme and thus came to be known as Missile Man of India.  He also served as the President of India (2002-2007) and was widely referred to as the People's President.  He was awarded Padma Bhusan in 1981.  Padma Vibhusan in 1990 and Bharat Ratna in 1997.  He has written many books like Wings of Fire, India 2020 and Ignited minds.  

Change is the transition of a substance from one form to another.  We see many changes around us.  We see changes like day and night, summer and winter and so on.  We also see changes in objects.  Growth of a tree, ripening of fruits, falling of leaves are some of the changes taking place around us.  You can observe changes in you also.  Your height and weight increase, hair and nail grow and you have grown up as a whole compared to last year.  Changes around us can be classified as reversible and irreversible changes.  

 

 

 

 

 

Changes which can be reversed are called reversible changes.  If you keep water in the freezer for some time, it is transformed into ice.  It it is taken out, it becomes water again.  This is a reversible change.

Changes which cannot be reversed are called irreversible changes.  If you burn a piece of paper it burns and turns into ash.  It cannot become paper again.  This is an irreversible change.

From such activities we can observe some differences between reversible and irreversible changes.  Differences between reversible and irreversible changes are listed below. 

Reversible Change	Irreversible Change
A substance can turn to its original state.	A substance cannot turn to its original state.
The chemical properties of the substance do not change.	The chemical properties of the substance change.
Most of the physical changes are reversible.	All chemical changes are irreversible.

 

Waste is any substance which is discarded after primary use.  It is worthless, defective and of no use.  They are unwanted and undesirable materials.

Wastes from home is known as household waste.  Solid wastes disposed from home and apartments comprise of garbage and rubbish (bottles, cans, clothings, composts, disposable items, food packings, news papers, magazines and trimmings).  We can classify the household wastes as below. 

Organic wastes : Kitchen wastes, vegetables, flowers, leaves, fruits.

Toxic wastes : Old medicines, paints, chemicals, bulbs, spray cans, fertilizers, pesticide containers, batteries, shoe polish.

Recyclable wastes : Paper, glass, metals, plastics.

Soiled wastes : Cloths soiled with blood and other body fluids.

e-wastes : Computer parts, electronic materials, cell phone parts, CFL bulbs.

You leave many waste materials inside your class rooms and throw away many things in the school campus.  If they are not collected and disposed properly, your environment will be polluted.  Papers, pen and its parts, blades, chocolate covers and plastic items are found in the school environment.  The single most common material generated in schools is food waste.  Food is not only wasted but it is also thrown away everywhere, making your surrounding unclean.

In a survey conducted, it is found that food waste accounts for 23.9% of the total wastes generated in the school and recyclable paper like card board, white paper and mixed papers account for 23.5% of the total waste.  To keep our surrounding clean, we need to have a proper waste disposal system.

With so much of wastes lying everywhere, what do you think that we should do?  We need a proper waste management system.  Waste management is needed for the following reasons.

To control pollution

➜ Various pollutions like water pollution, air pollution and soil pollution can be avoided.  

To conserve natural resources

➜ Waste disposal is important for the conservation of our environmental resources like forest, minerals and water.

To control spread of diseases

➜ Spread of infectious diseases can be controlled.

Recycle for further use

➜ Wastes can be recycled to get products for further use.

The best place to start difference is our home.  We need to learn how to reduce, reuse and recycle wastes.  The following practices will be helpful to reduce wastes in our home and school environment.

➜ Use reusable and recyclable bags and containers.

➜ Avoid one time use items and use items which can be used permanently.

➜ Segregate wastes into bio-degradable and non-biodegradable items and hand over them to the municipal and corporation people who collect them.

➜ Do not throw away your wastes everywhere.  Put them in dustbins and dispose them properly.

➜ Don/t waste food.  Waste food in schools can be collected and used to feed cattle.

➜ Organic wastes can be converted into manures.