4th Standard Social Science Term-II
Transport
Learning Objectives
Children can :
* understand the importance of transport.
* list the various modes of transport.
* describe each mode of transport.
Transport
Transport is the action of carrying or taking people, animals and things from one place to another.
Modes of Transport
There are three modes of transport in India.
Before the invention of wheels, humans used to walk everywhere. They used bullock carts to cover distances. Even today, many use bicycles which are eco-friendly to travel.
Landways
Landways is classified into two types.
a) Roadways
India has been building roads since old times. Roadways connect the nook and corners of our country.
National Highways (NH) - These are the main roads connecting cities in the country. e.g. NH 44 runs from Srinagar to Kanniyakumari. This NH is the longest NH in India. The Golden Quadrilateral road connects the four major cities - Chennai, Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata in India.
State Highways (SH) - These are the roads connecting important cities within the state. e.g. SH 4 runs from Arcot to Villupuram.
District Roads - They are of two types - Major District Roads (M.D.R.) and Other District Roads (O.D.R.). These roads connect markets and offices in the district.
Village Roads - These roads connect villages or a group of villages with each other and also to other major roads near it.
Bus is the most important means of public transport system in India. Buses are managed by the respective State governments. Many State governments have introduced air-conditioned buses and sleeper buses. The Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus is the largest bus terminus in Asia.
Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) is a high quality bus - based transit system. It has been introduced in a few cities in India. The BRTS ensured that the roadways that are used by only buses.
b) Railways
Railway is the most important form of transport system connecting various states in India. The first railway line was laid between Mumbai and Thane in 1853.
Royapuram railway station is the oldest station in Tamil Nadu. It was built in 1856 and it is the second oldest station in India. In the beginning, steam engines were used to run the railway coaches. From steam engines to high speed train, the growth of India Railways over the past 170 years has been vast and it has contributed to the development of India.
There are also sub-urban trains that connect different places within a city. The first modern rapid transit system in India is the Kolkata Metro Rail System. The Chennai Metro Train was started in the year 2015.
DO YOU KNOW?
Indian Railways is the 4th largest network in the world. Darjeeling Himalayan Train in West Bengal is a World Heritage Site and it is the only steam operated railway in India.
c) Waterways
India has a very long coastline and hence ports remain main centers for trade.
Oceanic or Coastal water transport
India has 13 major ports and Tamil Nadu is the only state in India that has three major ports : Ennore, Chennai and Tuticorin. Shipping Corporation of India is a public sector company. It manages all offshore and other marine transport related infrastructure in the country.
Water transport takes place through :
1. Boat
2. Speed Boat (Motor Boat)
3. Ship
The boats are widely used for fishing in Tamil Nadu.
d) Airways
Airways is the fastest mode of transport used to travel to different parts of the world. In 1911, the world's first airmail service took place in India between Allahabad and Naini.
Take off a flight
In Tamil Nadu there are 4 international airports at Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai and Tiruchirappalli.
Airlines plays a huge role in connecting cities within the country and across the world.
Helicopters are used for short distances and in hilly regions like Haridwar, Badrinath, Kedarnath and Darjeeling.
DO YOU KNOW?
The world's highest helipad which is 21,000 feet above sea level is located at the Siachen glacier in India.
Advantages of transport
1) Growth of agricultural and industrial production
Transport system plays a huge role in the growth of agricultural and industrial production by carrying raw materials to different parts of the country.
2) Growth in trade
It helps in promoting trade in the country. Transport plays a key role in the country's export and import of goods.
3) Promotes tourism
It helps people from different countries to visit other countries. Without a good transport system, promotion of tourism is not possible.
Glossary
1. Trade - Buying and selling of goods and services.
2. Import - Buying of goods or services from other countries.
3. Export - Selling goods or services to another country.
4. Helipad - Place where helicopters land.
Recap
✦ Transport is the action of carrying or taking people, animals and things from one place to another.
✦ The three modes of transport are landways, waterways and airways.
✦ Bicycles, buses and cars etc are used to travel on roadways. The four types of roads are National Highways, State Highways, District Roads and Village Roads.
✦ Railways plays a very important role in connecting the states.
✦ Waterways include the transport done through water bodies. It happens through boats, speed boats and ships.
✦ Airways is the fastest mode of transport. We use aeroplanes and helicopters for air travel.
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