3rd Standard Science Term-I
My Body
I. Cleanliness
Mithra is watching TV with her parents. An advertisement in the TV shows a toilet with germs. Mithra asks her dad what they are. He explains to her about germs.
Do you know about germs?
Germs are microoranisms that affects our body. They are found in all the places. If we do not maintain cleanliness, the germs will infect us and cause many diseases to us.
1. Hand Washing
Dialogue between Shruthi and her mother,
(After playing outside, Shruthi returns home)
Shruthi : Mom, I am so hungry. Give me something to eat.
Mother : Shruthi, go and wash your hands.
Shruthi : No Mom, I want to eat first. Then I wash my hands.
Mother : No, you must wash your hands.
Shruthi : Mom is it necessary to wash hands before eating?
Mother : Yes, look at your hands. Is it clean or dirty?
Shruthi : My hands are too dirty, Mom.
Mother : Where does the dirt stick in your hands?
Shruthi : Under the nails, in the ridges...
Mother : Yes, these are the places where the germs are hiding.
Shruthi : Is it so?
Mother : Yes, it is important to wash your hands. It is a simple habit that keeps you healthy.
(Mom starts explaining the importance of simple hand washing technique)
2. Using Toilets
In the world, nearly one billion people have no access to toilet at all and they are forced to do open defecation. Open defecation spreads diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. Groundwater is polluted by toilets and it also causes diseases. Children also get affected by intestinal worms which causes anaemia. So, it is necessary to use toilets.
Why is it important to have a toilet?
Having a toilet
➢ prevents diseases like cholera.
➢ offers privacy.
➢ is convenient.
➢ is safe.
What should we do to wash out the intestinal worms?
We should use toilet and avoid open defecation. We should wash our hands after using the toilet. These will help us to have a healthy life.
3. Bathing
Discuss with group
✔ Why do we take bath?
✔ Why is it important to take bath daily?
✔ Why do we use soap to clean our body?
Importance of bathing
➢ Cleanses the body
➢ Removes dirt and odour
➢ Protects oneself from infection
➢ Improves blood circulation
II. Protecting Sense Organs
Sense organs help us to observe and understand world around us. There are five main ways we can do this : through sight (with our eyes), touch (with our skin), smell (with our nose), taste (with our tongue) and hearing (with our ears).
The ways by which we can take care of our sense organs are given below.
By nature, all the sense organs have some ways to protect themselves. For example, the eyelids and lashes protect the eyes from dust and other foreign particles.
How should we take care of our sense organs?
EYES
Do's
- Read with proper light.
- Watch television from a minimum distance of 6 feet.
- If you feel your eyes are itchy, wash them with clean and cold water.
Don'ts
- Don't read in too dim or too bright light.
- Don't play video games or watch TV for a long time.
- Don't rub your eyes with your first.
EARS
➢ Avoid loud noise.
➢ Do not listen to music at higher volume while using Earphones or Headphones.
➢ Do not clean ears with ear buds.
➢ Dry your ears after taking bath.
➢ Cover your ears while swimming and bathing.
➢ Use earplugs or ear muffs (when you are exposed to loud sound).
➢ Consult a doctor if you have pain in ear.
Hearing loss can not be prevented always. But hearing loss due to exposure to loud noises can be avoided.
NOSE
➢ Do not clean your nose by inserting any object into it
➢ If the nose is blocked due to cold it is better to use steam to clear it.
➢ Do not pick your nose.
TONGUE
➢ We should clean our tongue daily with the tongue cleaner while brushing our teeth.
➢ A dirty tongue causes bad breath.
SKIN
➢ Always use a mild soap.
➢ Keep your skin dry and clean.
➢ Dry your skin by rubbing gently with a clean cloth.
➢ Consult a doctor when you have itching, skin injury or infection.
1.3. Good Touch, Bad Touch and Don't Touch
(In the park, Janani plays with the puppy. She runs after a butterfly to catch it)
Mother : Janani, did you notice what happens when you touch the butterfly?
Janani : Yes mom, it flew away.
Mother : Now, tell me, why do you think it flew?
Janani : I think it did not like my touch.
Mother : Maybe, it did not. But, it wanted to be safe. Now, I am going to tell you three rules to keep yourself safe.
Janani : Okay, Mom.
Mother : There are body parts that you and others can see and touch like our arms and hands.
But, there are also some body parts that no one should see or touch like our chest, between our legs and our bottom. These parts are called private parts. What are they called?
Janani : ___________________________________________________
Mother : So now, let me tell you the rule number 1. It is never right for anyone to look at, touch or talk about your private parts. And it is never right for someone older than you to ask you to look, touch or talk about their private parts.
Janani : But mom, don't you give me bath daily?
Mother : Very good question! Who else knows that I give you a bath?
Janani : Dad, Grandpa, Grandma and Jagan know that you give me bath.
Mother : Correct, when we are small our mom or dad might touch us to help us to be clean. It is never a secret and it is okay to tell someone about it.
Janani : I got it mom. It is never right for anyone to ____________________________________ or __________________ about my private parts. But, it is never a _________________________
Mother : Very good! Some touches are good or safe, like when we shake hands. But, some touches are bad or unsafe, like when we hit someone. Can we hit someone?
Janani : _____________________________________________________________________
Mother : Bad touches might make you feel sad, angry, scared, or confused. If you do not like any touch or if it makes you sad, angry or scared, tell them to STOP! Scream 'STOP!' and run away. This is rule number 2.
Janani : Okay mom. If I do not like any touch, I scream _______________ and _________________
Mother : Very good! Now let me tell you the rule number 3. Tell an adult you trust, about the bad touch. Keep telling until you get the help you need.
Janani : I should ________________________adults. I trust till I get_________________________
Mother : Janani, remember, no matter who tells you. It is never your fault.
Janani : But mom, would people I know also do 'bad touch'?
Mother : Anyone would do. So it is important that you keep all the three rules in mind even if you know the person. Can you say the rules?
1.4. Physical or Sensory Challenge
Ramu went for shopping with his father. On the way they saw a visually challenged person who tries to cross the road. Ramu's father went to him and asked, "May I help you sir?", And the differently abled person replied. "Yes, I want to cross the road".
Ramu's father joyfully helped him to cross the road. By seeing this, Ramu felt proud of him father, and he also wanted to help the needy. So, Ramu asked his father to teach him how to help differently abled persons.
1.4.1. Differently - abled persons
Not everybody can use all five senses. Some lack the ability to use any one or more of them, such people are called 'Differently-abled".
1.4.2. Let us know how to help them
Helping people is very honourable, and there are plenty of ways by which we can help differently-abled people.
➢ Ask first if they need any help from you and follow their lead.
➢ Speak clearly and listen to their words well.
➢ Use direct words.
➢ Never tease them by calling with specific names.
➢ Be aware of their personal aids, do not cause any damage to the aids.
Your simple acts can be helpful to them.
- opening doors for the disabled.
- making way for them.
- bring them to cross the road.
- treat them as normal people.
By doing these you can exhibit that you want to help the differently-abled.
1.5. Importance of Physical Exercise
Parents - teachers meet is going on in Sheela's school. As her parents are out of the town, her grandfather attends the meeting. He is a retired army person and even at the age of 90, he does all his work by himself. Everyone in the meeting wonders "What is the secret behind his good health?" and they asked him for his secret. Grandpa replied that he avoids junk food and takes healthy and fresh food. He does physical exercises like walking, running, jogging, and yoga. He advises all parents and children to do exercises regularly.
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