Kids Learning Science

 

4th Standard Science Term-I

Science in Everyday Life

Learning Objectives

After Leaning this lesson, students will be able to

✩ know the nutritional value of milk.

✩ explore the benefits of cooking.

✩ learn about baking of bread, biscuit and cake.

✩ know about gadgets used in daily life.

Let us Recall

Teacher : What do you drink in the morning.?

Students : Tea, coffee and milk.

Teacher : Good.  What do they contain?

Ram : Milk, tea dust, coffee powder, sugar and water.

Teacher : Very good.  Do you know why we drink milk?

Ram : It is good for our health.

Teacher : Correct, let us learn more about milk in this lesson.

  I. Milk  

Milk is produced by mammals for nourishing their young ones.  Milk from many animals is used by humans.  Cow's milk is used commonly.

  1. Sources of Milk  

Milk is primarily obtained from mammals.  It is also obtained from other sources.  

Examples : Soya milk, nut and seed based milk.

  2. Nutritional value of Milk  

Milk contains water, sugar, protein, fat, vitamins and minerals.  Based on the amount of fat present in the milk, it can be classified as whole milk, low fat milk and fat free milk.

Sugar : Milk has sweet taste because it has a special sugar called lactose.

Protein : It helps to build muscles.

Fat : Fat present in the milk is called butter.  Butter is more delicious than any other fat.

Vitamins : Vitamin-D in milk helps to maintain the bones.

Minerals : Calcium is a mineral.  It helps to build healthy bones and teeth.

Do you Know

People all over the world get their milk from mammals like sheep, goat, camel, donkey, horse, yak, water buffalo, reindeer and even moose.

Primary food for babies.

Gives curd, butter, butter milk and ghee.

Health drink for adults and sick people.

Used for making cheese, paneer and milk sweets.

Used in ice cream and chocolates.

Used during festivals and ceremonies.

  3. Health Benefits of Milk  

1. It strengthens bones and teeth.

2. It maintains blood pressure. 

3. It reduces the risk of heart disease.

4. It is a source of energy.

  II. Food materials  

What is food? Food is one of the basic needs of our life.  Food provides energy.  It is usually made by cooking plants or animals.  It contains essential nutrients to keep our body healthy.

Food can be classified into two types.

1. Raw Food - Raw food is the food that does not need to be cooked to eat.

Examples : Fruits, carrot, ground nut seeds.

2. Cooked food - Cooked food is the food, that has been cooked to eat. 

Examples : Rice, vegetable curry, bread.

  Let us Do  

Simple tasks such as pouring liquid into the bowl, sprinkling pepper on the omelet or dosa, Peeling off onions, powdering coriander seeds can be done by you.  Always help the elders in the kitchen.

  1. Cooking  

Do you know how many food items are there that you will not be able to eat without cooking? Cooking is important.  It makes food suitable for consumption.

  Methods of Cooking  

  Benefits of Cooking  

Cooking causes many useful changes in food.

1. It makes nutrients ready for digestion.

2. It helps to make food in the desired texture, flavour and taste.

3. It destroys harmful microbes.

  Let us Discuss  

Look at the things shown in the picture and discuss their uses with your friends.

  III. Baking of Bread, Biscuit and Cake  

Baking is a method of cooking.  We use heat to bake, biscuit and cake are some examples of baked food items.

  1. Bread  

Bread s a common food item prepared by baking the dough.  It is an important source of energy for sick people.  It is also one of the ancient foods made by humans.  Bread is a low fat food.

Bread has the nutrients required for normal development and good health.

To make bread we need wheat flour, yeast, water, sugar and salt.

Do you Know

Bread gets spoiled six times faster when kept in fridge than at room temperature.

  2. Biscuit  

Biscuit is a small, flour - based baked food.  It is generally made of wheat flour or oats sweetened with sugar.

The main ingredients of biscuit are flour, sugar, butter, water, milk, baking powder and flavours.

Biscuits are salty or sweet.  Some biscuits have cream in between.

  3. Cake  

Cake is a baked dessert.  It is like a sweet bread.  There are many varieties of cake with specific ingredients.  We use cake during celebrations.  The common ingredients of cake are flour, sugar, eggs, oil, baking powder and flavouring agent.

  Activity  

Visit a bakery near you and learn about baking of bread, biscuit and cakes.

  IV. Gadgets  

Think of the electronic devices we use everyday.

The phone that we use, the camera that comes with us on every vacation, the TV that we watch for fun, all these devices are called gadgets.

A gadget is a small electronic machine or device which does something useful.  Number of gadgets have changed our lives.  They make our life enjoyable.

Examples : 

Laptop

Phone

Camera

Pen drive

Speaker

  Smart Phones  

Apart from communication smart phones have the ability to access the internet and store files, take photos, track location and much more.

  Portable Music Player   

It stores and plays thousands of songs.  We can listen to songs anywhere, anytime.

  Tablets  

People use tablets to read books, play games and watch videos.

  Pen Drive  

It is a small gadget used for storing and transferring any type of file in / from a computer.

  Electric Torch  

It is a portable hand-held electric light.  It is used to provide light in the dark places when it is switched on.