Kids Learning Science

3rd Standard Science Term - I

   FORCE   

  3.1 Simple movements and actions  

In our daily life, we do different actions such as pushing, pulling, twisting and turning.  By doing these actions we move or change the shape of an object.

• Change in position of an object is called movement.
• Action is the motion which gives the required result.

Let us look at the pictures below to understand movement and action better.

The player hits the ball with hockey stick.

Boys are riding bicycle

  Motion  

When an object or a thing moves from one place to another, it is said to be in motion.

  3.2. Force

Force is a push or a pull on an object which make it move, changes its shape or stops it from moving.

➢  Force involves an interaction between two or more objects.

➢  Force can lift or drop an object.

Without force, we can't move any object.

  Observe and Discuss. 

  3.2.1 Push  

Look and say : What kind of actions do the pictures denote?

Here, all the pictures show pushing action.

When a force is applied in the direction of an object, it is called push.

  3.2.2 Pull  

Look and say : What kind of actions do the pictures say?

Here all the pictures show pulling action.

When a force is applied in the direction opposite to the direction opposite to the direction of an object, it is called pull.

  3.3 Effect of forces  

Energy is needed to apply force

Force helps us to do the following things

➢ Force can change the direction

➢ Force can change the speed

➢ Force can stop a moving object 

➢ Force can change the shape

Force changes direction

Here, in the picture, a boy hits the shuttlecock and it reaches the other boy.  He hits it again with the racket to move it to the opposite direction.

Force changes motion

➢ The cycle moves forward because force is applied on the cycle by pedaling.

➢ When we stop pedaling and apply the break, the cycle comes to rest.

Some applications of force in everyday life.

Opening the door

Pulling rope in tug of war

Pulling rope from well

Force can change the speed

Force can change the speed of a body which is already in motion by providing more force on it.  

Ram and his brother are playing with a toy car.  Ram tries to move the toy car and his brother stops it from the opposite direction to slow down the toy car.

Thus, force changes the speed of an object.

Force can stop a moving object

An object stops moving when we apply force in the opposite direction.

➢ Have you played football game?

➢ How will you stop the ball?

➢ The goal keeper applies force and stops the ball.

Force can change the shape

➢ When an inflated balloon or water balloon is pressed, some force is applied on both sides of the balloon.  Thus, it changes its shape.

➢ While squeezing a plastic water bottle force is applied on all sides of the bottle.  Thus, the shape and     size of the bottle is changed.

  3.4. Types of force  

Contact Force

When a force is applied by touching the object, it is called contact force.

Eg. Lighting a match stick

Contact force is classified into three.

1. Muscular force 2. Mechanical force 3. Frictional force 

Non-Contact Force

When a force is applied without touching an object, it is called non-contact force.

Eg. Vaccum cleaner, Magnet.

Non - contact force is classified into two.

1. Gravitational force 2. Magnetic force.

  Muscular force  

The force applied by using the parts of our body is called muscular force.

  Mechanical force  

The force applied by a machine is called mechanical force.

Example :

Using bulldozer to dig ground 

Grinding using a mixer grinder

  Gravitational force  

➢ When you throw a ball up in the air, why does it come down?

➢ When we jump, why do we come down? Why don't we fly?

           

 

Why do fruits fall down from the tree?

Why this happens?

The Earth pulls all the objects towards itself.  The force applied by the Earth to pull objects towards itself is called gravitational force.

  Magnetic force  

A magnet is a material that attracts things made of iron.  The force that attracts things is called magnetic force.

  Frictional force  

When we roll down a ball on grass ground, it slows down and finally stops.  We know that an object cannot stop without force.  The force that stopped the ball is frictional force.  Force exerted by the surface when an object moves over it is called Frictional force.

 Think! Why do we sprinkle powder on the carom board before playing carrom?  

  3.5 Friction  

When we use eraser on a paper, the shape of the eraser changes.  Why It is because of the friction between the eraser and the paper.

Friction is a force of actions between two surfaces in contact or when they slide over one another.

 Do you know?  Early man accidentally discovered fire by rubbing two flint stones (chikimuki kal) together.  The frictional force between two stones created a spark. 

  Classify