2nd Standard EVS Term-I
Plants Around Us
Plants of a Plant
A group of students went on a field visit to a garden. Meena looked at a sapling closely and asked her teacher, "One part of this plant is green while the other part is brown in colour. Why is it so, teacher?"
The teacher explained, " Our body has different parts such as hands, legs and head. In the same way, plants also have different parts. They are of different colours.
Every plant has a root and a shoot system.
Root System
The part of the plant that grows under the ground is called the root system.
Shoot System
The part of the plant that grows above the ground is called the shoot system. It consists of stem, leaf, flower and fruit.
Leaf
- Grows from the stem.
- Most are greening colour.
- Makes food for the plant.
Flower
- Attractive, colourful.
- Grows from a bud.
- Has a specific smell.
- Attracts birds and insects.
Fruit
- Develops from the flower.
- Some have seeds.
- Most plants grow from seeds.
Stem
- Main part of the shoot system.
- Gives support.
Root
- Fixes the plant in the soil.
Different kinds of plans
Plants are of different kinds. They can be grouped based on the size and nature of their stems
Herbs
Herbs are small plants with thin and soft stems. Most of them live for a few months only; e.g., Mint, Coriander, Grass.
Shrubs
Shrubs are smaller than trees. They have many stems that grows close to the ground. The stems are thin and hard. Shrubs live for several years; e.g., Shoe flower, Oleander, Jasmine.
Climbers
Climbers have weak stems and they need support to climb and grow. Some of them live for a few months only; e.g., Broad beans, Snake gourd, Ridge gourd.
Creepers
Creepers are plants that have weak stems. They grow along the ground and bear large and heavy fruits. Many of them live for a few months only; e.g., Pumpkin, Watermelon, Muskmelon.
Trees
Big and tall plants are called trees. They have hard and thick woody stems called trunks. Trees have many branches. They live for many years; Banyan tree, Coconut tree, Mango tree.
Fruits
Pomegranate (Mathulai)
Grapes (Thiratchai)
Jackfruit (Palapazham)
Cereals and Pulses
Rice (Arisi)
Wheat (Kothumai)
Red gram-split
(Thoovaram paruppu)
Spices
Bay Leaves (Biriyani elai)
Cardamom (Elakkai)
Pepper (Milagu)
Oils
Coconut oil (Thengai yennai)
Castor oil (Amanakku yennai)
Groundnut oil (Kadalai yennai)
Medicines
Stone breaker (Keezhanelli)
Climbing brinjal (Toothuvalai)
Eucalyptus (Thylamaram)
Other Benefits of plants
We use different parts of the plants in many other ways. Let us talk about it.
As Fibre
The thread-like structure taken from a plant is called a fibre. Fibres are used for making ropes and cloth. We use ropes and cloth in many ways.
As Plates for Eating
Plantain leaf
Areca plate (Pakku mattai)
As Timber
Teak wood
Neem wood
Door made from wood
The thick trunks of some trees are used for making doors, windows, tables, chairs and other things.
As Cosmetics
Henna (Marudhani)
Soap pod (Shikakai)
Aloe vera (Katrazhai)
As Household Things
Palm leaves are used to make boxes, baskets and hand fans. Bamboo is used to make paper, chairs and windows.
Palm tree
Bamboo
Palm leaf box
Hand fan
Winnow
Chair
As Ornamental Plants
Rose
Croton
Cactus
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